Concentrated and purified AS enzymes could readily substitute inorganic and/or commercial bioenzyme catalysts in many industrial applications including, for example, leather processing, and in detergent and animal feed formulation. Purification, concentration and stabilisation/immobilisation techniques can also greatly expand the industrial application and increase the economic value and marketability of enzyme products extracted from AS. Nevertheless, hydrolytic enzymes can be effectively extracted directly from waste AS without specific modifications to standard wastewater treatment processes. The yields of different enzymes are influenced by wastewater treatment conditions, and particularly the composition, and can also be controlled by feeding sludge with specific target substrates. A critical review of disruption techniques identified sonication as potentially the most effective and suitable method for enzyme extraction, which can be scaled up and is a familiar technology to the water industry. Enzyme extraction from disrupted AS flocs is technically feasible and has been demonstrated at experimental-scale. Therefore, enzyme recovery from AS offers an alternative, potentially viable approach to industrial enzyme production. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. However, the nutrient medium necessary for biomass culture represents a significant cost to industrial enzyme production. ![]() The catalytic efficiency of enzymes can be several orders higher compared to inorganic chemical catalysts under mild conditions. Enzymes are high value industrial bio-catalysts with extensive applications in a wide range of manufacturing and processing sectors, including the agricultural, food and household care industries.
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